Rhetorical Analysis of Being a Cripple - 761 Words

Someone who is crippled often receives pity and sympathy from others, but do cripples always want this? In this passage entitled â€Å"On Being a Cripple,† Nancy Mairs uses interesting word choice, repetition, and a sarcastic tone to touch upon a subject that most mature non-crippled Americans are not entirely comfortable with; using the so widely feared word â€Å"cripple† instead of the common â€Å"handicapped† or â€Å"disabled† to be polite or politically correct. Elaborating to a society, so infatuated with being politically correct, that using a word considered derogatory to most may be necessary according to exact definition is Mairs’s purpose in writing this passage. From the very first sentence of her passage, Mairs’s use of the word â€Å"cripple†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦An accepting statement she uses is in the third paragraph when she makes a point, but doesn’t attempt to control the audience. She says â€Å"But call me â€Å"disabled† or ‘handicapped† if you like.† Here she gives a tone of tolerance by accepting people’s fear of the word â€Å"cripple,† and how they want to replace it with a more widely used term. Mairs does this to show that, even if she’d like it to happen, she knows the world won’t change the way they see things, and she accepts this. Still, Nancy Mairs effectively uses rhetorical devices to execute her purpose of making a misinterpreted word become an accepted word for herShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1633 Words   |  7 Pagesclaim and experiences are very relatable today because as long a s there are fathers and mothers and families, there are going to be those that re-live the past and create memories that last their families a lifetime, or perhaps even longer.    Process Analysis: Joan Didion, On Keeping a Notebook   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the selection On Keeping a Notebook, Joan Didion uses her experiences in day to day life as a writer in order to demonstrate the importance/methods of keeping a daily notebook. Didion appeals to her audienceRead MoreThe United States And The Civil Right Movement1594 Words   |  7 Pagesturnout for the entire African American community . It will also provide a description the racial impact of felony disenfranchisement. Lastly the author will provide a conclusion and a brief summary of the insights that were gained from this policy analysis paper. King, R. S. (2006). Jim Crow is alive and well in the 21st century:Felony disenfranchisement and the continuing struggle to solence theAfrican-American Voice. Soul:A critical journal of black politics,culturean andRead More Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay6977 Words   |  28 Pageslevel of discourse, rhetorically or structurally, or both. As one might expect, quot;de-insulationquot; of this kind necessarily involves the intervention of others: the coming out of a self-enclosed figure depends upon the influence of another being--a baker or a babysitter or blind man, or even a fellow drunk on the road to recovery, who, entering unexpectedly into a characters life, affords new perspective or awareness and guides him along, if not toward insight then at least away from theRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 Pages The main methods of research are descriptive, comparative, the method of analysis and synthesis. But we consider that the study of euphemisms is impossible without using contextual-logical analysis. CHAPTER I. THE NOTION OF EUPHEMISMS IN ENGLISH I.1. Definition of Euphemisms Euphemisms come from a Greek word meaning to speak favourably, and Greek provides whatRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 PagesN. Pearson, â€Å"Merchants and States,† in The Political Economy of Merchant Empires: State Power and World Trade, 1350–1750, ed. James D. Tracy (Cambridge, 1991), 41–116, esp. 93. rethinking mercantilism 9 nizing principle. After pages of analysis of what had formerly been termed â€Å"mercantilist policies,† C. G. A. Clay paused to note that mercantilism â€Å"has been the subject of much historical debate† and was a term â€Å"coined long after 1700 to describe economic policies characteristic of bothRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial CharacteristicsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Wk6AssgnNixL - 1398 Words

Latin American Subtraction Algorithm Lisa Nix Walden University Dr. Mary Robinson, Instructor MATH-6562G-1, Base Ten Number System Operation: Addition/Subtraction October 21, 2013 Latin American Subtraction Algorithm The Latin American subtraction algorithm is based on the fact that the difference between the two numbers does not change while adding the same amount to the minuend and subtrahend (Indiana University Southeast, n.d.). This algorithm appears to be one that requires precision to detail as it is different from the traditional subtraction algorithm the majority of students have been taught. Regardless of teacher preference, providing students with various strategies allows them to experience the diversity in problem†¦show more content†¦A: Exemplary Work A = 4.00; A- = 3.75 All of the previous, in addition to the following: B: Graduate Level Work B+ = 3.50; B = 3.00; B- = 2.75 All of the previous, in addition to the following: C: Minimal Work C+ = 2.50; C = 2.00; C- = 1.75 F: Work Submitted but Unacceptable F = 1.00 Adherence to Assignment Expectations The extent to which work meets the assigned criteria. Assignment exceeds expectations, integrating additional material and/or information. Assignment

The Role of a Critical Care Nurse Free Essays

In the article, Legal Aspects of End of Life Care. author, Nurse Claire M. McGowan, explains that when performing the role of a critical care nurse acting as the advocate for the patient, his/her family, and significant others, it Is essential that the nurse has an understanding of legal implications associated with end of life care. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of a Critical Care Nurse or any similar topic only for you Order Now McGowan goes on to provide information on the legal principles involved In end-of-life care, specifically addressing: limitations in treatment, assessing capacity and using surrogate decision makers and medical futility. In order to explain limitations in reatment, McGowan begins by listing what the courts have established as Ilfe sustaining treatments which include: mechanical ventilation, blood transfusions, dialysis, chemotherapy, artificial nutrition, and hydration. Although a competent or incompetent terminally ill patient with advances directives has the right has to refuse these treatments, there are rare cases when the state court may override that right: preservation of life, prevention of suicide, protection of third parties such as children, and preserving the Integrity of the medical profession (McGowan, 2011). Next, ccording to McGowan, if a patient is deemed incompetent the patient may be assigned a surrogate to make decisions on their behalf with respect to their advance directives. If a there is no advanced directive or surrogate appointed to the patient then the medical team may determine the plan of care for the patient (McGowan, 2011 Lastly, McGowan addresses medical futility, defined, as such, when treatment is no longer deemed a benefit to the patient. According to McGowan, arriving at this determination and accepting futility Is often stressful, inciting disagreements between the patients/surrogates and medical professionals involved. In order to resolve conflicting Interests, McGowan suggests a variety of methods that can be utilized to improve communication between the two parties including: making attempts to negotiate understanding between parties as to what constitutes futile care before conflict arises, using joint decision making, and using consultants to reach satisfactory resolution of disagreements. If these methods fail to help unite the parties’ decision an ethics committee may be utilized to reach a determination, the patient may be transferred to another medical provider within the institution or to another Institution altogether (McGowan, 2011). In my opinion, Nurse McGowan clearly presented how important it is for a critical care nurse to have a working knowledge of the legal aspects of end of life care and how he/she can help to make sure that the patient’s rights are respectfully carried out either directly or indirectly during end of life. After reading this article, It was impressed upon me that since the nurse is the main point of contact with the patient, family, and significant others during treatment, It becomes the responsibility of the nurse to help mediate conflicts that may arise during care, in order to protect the patient’s best interests. How to cite The Role of a Critical Care Nurse, Papers

Job Vs. J.B. Essay Example For Students

Job Vs. J.B. Essay J.B. and JobThere are many similarities but also many differences between the story of Job in The Bible and Archibald MacLeish’s J.B. These similarities and differences falls along the categories of style, story line, and characterization. First, the style of both pieces of literature. J.B. is a play by Archibald MacLeish whereas the story of Job is a drama. In both of these pieces a prologue is present. However, the prologue differs greatly. In Job, the prologue merely states a vague background of the life of Job and his family. On the other hand, the prologue of J.B. gives detailed descriptions of J.B. and each and every one of his family members. In both cases, an antagonist is present. The antagonist is not necessarily evil or bad, but simply just one who disagrees. Second, the story line. Although Archibald MacLeish wrote the play based on the story of Job in The Bible, there are many differences in the story line. In The Bible, Job’s misfortune was spawned by Satan trying to show God that Job was not as holy as God had thought. God gave Satan the power to destroy everything Job had, including his health. Job’s children all died together when the roof of the house collapsed on them while they were all dining at the house of the oldest brother. His wife died also, and all of his possessions was taken from him. Furthermore, he contracted painful sores all over his body. As for J.B., his children died separately, one after the other. The oldest had died in the army. Two were involved in a car accident. One daughter was killed by an explosion that also took out J.B.’s millions. And the youngest was raped. However, J.B.’s wife, Sarah, was not killed, but instead she left him. In The Bible, Job is confronted by his three f riends. His friends encourages him to turn against God and to curse him, but he refused to do so. On the other hand, J.B. was confronted with four friends, the first three encouraging him to turn against God but the fourth telling him to pray to God and to praise Him. In the end, God gives back Job his original wife Sarah and his ten kids. He is rid of the painful sores and his possessions were doubled. On the other hand, J.B.’s wife came back and they produce new children; he also received his wealth back. The biggest difference between the two story lines is that in J.B. the presence of God is not really emphasized. Third, the characterization. J.B. was based on a 20th century New England millionaire, while Job was a wealthy man who lived in the land of Uz in 1000 B.C. J.B. had a wife named Sarah, two sons, three daughters, and was wealthy financially. Job also had a wife names Sarah, but he had seven sons, three daughters, and was wealthy in land and cattle. Job’s children were vaguely described, for they only existed for a short part of the story. On the other hand, J.B.’s children were individually introduced, and participated in a scene together with J.B. and his wife. Also, another characterization difference that was mentioned earlier was that Job only had three friends who come to speak to him, meanwhile, J.B. had four. It’s amazing to see how an author can make a 3000-year-old drama come to life with only a few changes. Archibald MacLeish has created a wonderful play and it will continue to remind its readers the insignificance of materialistic things. English Essays

Reconciling Desire free essay sample

A look at how the literary world has addressed the issue of mans struggle with personal desire. This paper examines the issue of desire and how man approaches the struggle when individual desires come into conflict with what society judges to be appropriate. The works of Swift, More, and Chaucer are explored. The question of human desire, no matter how that desire may manifest itself, has long been an intellectual and emotional stumbling block for society, politics, culture, and religion. Throughout history, individuals have had to learn how to reconcile their personal desires inside larger social institutions institutions that for their part have very often come to challenge or undermine the legitimacy of human desire. More often than not, individuals have had to find ways to suppress their desires given that they somehow come into conflict with more acceptable, social standards. Literature, though, in fact, this might be a common theme in most all forms of art, at one time or another has reflected this on-going, archetypal struggle. We will write a custom essay sample on Reconciling Desire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Research Paper Example

Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Research Paper Example Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Paper Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Paper Harry Potter – this name is familiar with all the age groups in the universe today and the ground behind it is good known to all of us. The Harry Potter book series written by a individual female parent J. K. Rowling. who wouldn’t have imagined in her wildest dreams that a narrative she thought of while going in a train. would derive so much popularity. So much so that her character and her name would go a family name across the Earth! J. K. Rowling Harry Potter books came into the market in 1998. The first portion called Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone gained a batch of popularity with the childs and easy with the grownups excessively. Due to its immense success it was converted into a gesture image as good and so the first film when on to let go of in the twelvemonth 2001. Subsequently the other parts ( books ) were out in the market and the films started let go ofing every bit good. Of class it was after the colossal success of the initial books that J. K. Rowling was encouraged to compose on the farther parts. So what is it in Harry Potter that attracts so much attending? Or what is it that makes people want to read a 600-700 pages long book once more and once more. This isn’t merely a individual book we are speaking about. but every book in the series is read all over once more by people repeatedly. These books tell us the narrative of an orphan. Harry who lives with his aunt Petunia and uncle Vernon. and non to bury his immense sized cousin Dudely with a nut sized encephalon. He leads a suffering life until the he turns 11. when he realizes that he is really a ace. : He is admitted to the Horgwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. So follows his journey of charming experiences. Very alone but waxy characters are introduced in the book in Rowling’s ain manner. The books detailing his experiences at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry have bred passion. compulsion. creativeness. and a new or renewed involvement in reading throughout the universe. JK Rowling has created an luxuriant dramatis personae of characters and an environment for them to populate that entreaties to grownups and kids likewise. The fantasy facet of the wizarding universe expands the imaginativeness. and transports the head to new and exciting topographic points ; presenting thaumaturgy opens new kingdoms of possibilities within the secret plans. Anything could go on. Her intricate narratives contain strands of the credible and incredible. changing the predictability that readers normally encounter and endure in fiction. Harry Potter Movie Poster These factors contributed to the â€Å"Harry Potter Phenomena† which really swept across the universe every bit shortly as the film series became immense hits! Young kids started placing with Harry’s shy but brave character. The terrifying Lord Voldemort and how he is after Harry’s life. after holding murdered his parents when Harry was a babe. The artlessness of school life along with the mixture of thaumaturgy. hit children’s heads like the Magic Bullet Theory. wherein. the information seen by audiences hits their heads like slugs and penetrates within. At the same clip. the subjects driving the narratives resonate with authoritative literature. offering mature readers narratives that wear like a comfy brace of places. while presenting younger readers to constructs they will meet throughout their lives. The chief subject of the series is the topic of many theories. including. but non limited to: good versus immorality. bias. love. decease. forfeit. friendly relationship and trueness. In actuality. all of these elements contribute to the dateless nature of the narratives. As and when the books started acquiring truly celebrated with a specific mark audience. the first large spring that was taken to spread out the full Harry Potter construct were the films. When the films were made they went on to snap with the younger every bit good as the older audiences. One portion after the other. the films became darker easy fring the initial happy and bright visual aspect. They now started looking more â€Å"real† and â€Å"practical† . There was a feel of â€Å"there is more to Harry Potter† than what you expect. The screens of all books started holding two versions. one which was bright and the other dark and cryptic so that the books would appeal to grownups as good. Slowly there was Harry Potter everyplace! There was Culture Industry get downing to take topographic point because of the full Harry Potter construct. By Culture Industry we mean that all of a sudden a peculiar thing which is highly popular is produced in forepart of us in many different ways. It is â€Å"claimed† by the several manufacturers that their merchandise is alone and adds more to a peculiar franchise. This construct focuses on media and selling. Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno specify the Culture Industry through its focal point on the media and mass selling. This industry is alone in that it does non reflect economic procedures and basically becomes homogeneous ; therefore. fluctuation is nonmeaningful. The Culture Industry is characterized by three specific thoughts: Monopoly. Mass Production. and Technology. So there is lesser control over production of certain merchandises and lesser control in the market. Hence when a certain merchandise is freshly launched in the market. people rush to buy it and research that peculiar merchandise. So what happens when the freshness of that merchandise wears off? Simple. another merchandise is launched in the market and promoted on its â€Å"unique† belongingss. But the existent gimmick here is that every merchandise is about similar to one another. but it is sold as being different from the old one. Hence people are urged to purchase them. This besides gives them another merchandise in topographic point of the old 1. This is termed as â€Å"Pseudo Singularity† justly intending false uniqueness. This is how the civilization industry besides called as Mass Industry works. When Culture Industry meets something like Harry Potter. what is created is a immense successful mass industry which becomes vastly moneymaking and popular. Besides when the topic is like Harry. who chiefly entreaties to people due to his emotional entreaty. his belief in friendly relationship. love and courage. These are the factors on which assorted merchandises apart from films like ware are publicized to people. There are Harry Potter subject based amusement Parkss. the costumes. competitions to prove your HP cognition. digital games and web sites like Pottermore where you really live Harry’s life. You are sorted into different houses merely like in the book and you face different escapades like Harry. There are things taken from the book which will entertain and divert people. Like the broom used to play the game Quidditch once more an fanciful construct of a game like football but you are really winging on broom handles. Harry Potter wands. cards. chapeaus. spectacless and the celebrated cicatrix which Harry have all became trade goods and we are expected to buy them. The chief aim here is to do people experience like Harry himself. Examples of assorted Harry Potter Merchandise So even if J. K. Rowling has completed her set of books. manufacturers still want to harvest the net incomes from this topic. Hence. even after she officially completed her books. due to enormous response and popular demand she wrote another book where people know what happens after Harry defeats Lord Voldemort and finishes his surveies from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. So much is the popularity of Harry Potter. Not merely Harry. but other chief characters like Hermoine and Ron ( Harry’s best friends ) . Professor Dumbledore. Hagrid. Sirius Black etc have gained a connect with the audiences. There is a feeling generated that â€Å"my best friend to necessitate to be like Ron† or â€Å"I wish I could analyze magic† . This feeling of longingness is usurped but the manufacturers to lend more to the civilization industry! These feelings are so used by the people to bring forth more and more net incomes. therefore trips to the palace where Harry Potter was shot are arranged. Though a peculiar location is non used continuously in the films. they keep altering. but so much is the fad that people travel all the manner to Scotland merely to see where their Hero spent this school yearss. All in all a different civilization itself is created and we don’t recognize it. Such is the nature civilization industry and it prevails n today’s universe to a much greater extent. The chief feeling of Love ever triumphs over the evil makes Harry Potter what it is. I would wish to stop my seting in a celebrated commendation in the book- It is our picks that show what we genuinely are. far more than our abilities. J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. 1999. spoken by the character Albus Dumbledore This is one of the most celebrated quotation marks from the series and justly. it is our picks that make us who we are. Peoples chose to love Harry Potter even though the full construct being fanciful because it has appealed to their Black Marias. It is this emotional factor which makes us give in to the ‘market and producers’ but in the terminal. they are our picks. aren’t they?

PR FINAL PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PR FINAL PROJECT - Research Paper Example The industry further requires PR executives to work for long hours, including weekends, and even standing in the rain or snow to check in invitees while earning diminutive salaries that are not convenient (Brown 1). Given the intertwined nature of the entertainment industry and other industries, PR executives must be updated on what is taking place in the world generally. Intrinsically, it requires one to have passion for such a job to endure the shortcomings thereof and not just being interested in the glamour (Walker 1). PR Agencies hire staff to execute their various obligations to their clients, depending on the area of interest. One can be hired as an account representative in either a movie theatre, a film production company or by an entertainer as publicists. Publicists are engaged in managing and representing entertainer’s image before the eyes of the public. This is done by ensuring that Web sites, TV shows, newspapers, and magazines contain good press about the entertainer (Kennedy 1). An account manager for a film production company is responsible for the exploration and lurching of novel film coverage opportunities, the establishment and maintenance of a potent relationship with the media, and the creation of exciting campaigns that are integrated digitally (SAR 1). Movie theatre’s account representatives establish and uphold membership schemes and formulate initiatives that will urge people to visit the movie theatre habitually (The National Advisory Public Body for Theatres 1). PR departments for an entertainment company that does not outsource its public relations tasks may hire a candidate, who fulfills the criteria set out, to help answer journalists when they inquire about the company, represent the company in public appearances and interviews (Media 1). Having garnered sufficient experience in the field of PR, it is a lucrative job

Critical Thinking Paper (read the instructions carefully) Essay - 1

Critical Thinking Paper (read the instructions carefully) - Essay Example As such, the Christian Americans always perceive the Arab Muslims as terrorists; whereas the Arabs perceive the Americans as villain pagans, whose justice is death. The Arab Americans conflicts extends through each American administration, with every new president of the united states of America coming up with a new international relations policy, as well as, developing new strategies in creating world peace through the merging of both Arabs and Muslims in one belief of faith and progression through democracy (Colbert & John 34). However, these conflicts always lie in the three main issues mentioned above, which is terrorism, oil, and religion, particularly Islam. Terrorism is a worldwide scourge, whereby renowned terrorist groupings attack American installations across the world, and to some extend bring the war to American soil, such as the 9/11, terrorist attack whereby the Al Qaeda group of terrorists based in Afghanistan hijacked four passenger planes and crashed them at tree strategic targets in the United States. These strategic targets were the twin towers in New York City that hosted the World Trade Center, and the pentagon building that hosts the United States Department of Defense. The 9/11 attack led to the death of over 3,000 innocent Americans, which was another scar in the already palatable American Arabs relationship. This terrorist attack led to the onset of the Iraq and Afghan incursion to root out terrorists, with a global man0hunt to the notorious terrorist leader Osama Bin laden believed to be the mastermind behind the 9/11 attack. In addition, this attack worsened every peace efforts made by the various American governments to foster peace and restoration between Americans and the Arabs. For a long time, America suffered terrorist attacks either on its own soil, or in its foreign installations, such as ambassadorial offices, such as the Nairobi august 1998 bombing at the US consulate located in the CBD leading to the death

Jennifer and the Wine Merchants Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jennifer and the Wine Merchants - Assignment Example With regard to Jennifer and the Wine Merchant case scenario, the Wine Merchant is the offerer, as the company makes an offer of consignment of French wine to Jennifer and Maggie. The two who are the recipients of the stated offer are the â€Å"offerees.† Jennifer accepts the offer and sends her consignment letter through the post office, while Maggie sends her acceptance communication through the fax. The decision to accept the offer creates a binding agreement between the both Maggie and Jennifer and the Wine Merchant (Ruff 2007). However, Jennifer’s acceptance letter delays for seven days due to strike, this complicates the issue as she had to send the acceptance within 5 days. Maggie however sends her acceptance through fax and its is received immediately, and consequently accepted (Riches and Vida 2011). Jennifer’s Case Jennifer’s case invites three fundamental questions. First, did Jeniffer, the offeree, miss the specified deadline as stipulated by th e Wine Merchant, the offerer. Second, is it possible for the offerer to cancel the acceptance letter between the time the offeree sends it sent and the time the offerer receives it? Lastly, did the offeror make the offer by mail? Thus in Jennifer and the Wine Merchant’s case scenario, there are at least four probable answers. First, when the offereer accepts the offer; When the offeree sends (posts) the acceptance letter; When the offerer received the letter of acceptance; When the offeror is aware of the acceptance. The most significant reactions are the first and the fourth one, which depict â€Å"offer† and â€Å"acceptance.† The English Law provides that a binding agreement exists if an offer and acceptance, in which case the offeree accepts an offer made by the offerer. Concerning Jenniffer and the Merchant’s case scenario, the English Law suggests the emission theory in the â€Å"postal rule†. However, its manifestation is also limited. In th is way, it only becomes applicable when it was reasonable enough that the offeree uses post as the means of accepting the offer, and whether the acceptance letter was posted properly and whether it didn’t create â€Å"manifest absurdity and inconvenience.† Maggie’s Case Unlike Jennifer, Maggie sent her acceptance letter through the fax. Maggie’s acceptance was accepted. Maggie’s case is different from Jennifer as they used different media to communicate their acceptance. According to the English Law, if an offer is accepted by fax, it will be deemed as accepted as the offerer’s fax machines prints it out, regardless of whether there is someone to receive it or not. Posting statute does not affect to acceptances by instant forms of communication such as fax or telephone. In the case â€Å"Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation [1955] 2 QB 327, the court decided that the posting rule doesn’t apply to acceptances by telex as it is an instant form of communication† (Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation [1955]). Thus the principle that acceptances occur once communicated apply can be applied to instant communication forms. Wine Merchant’s case Indeed, the Wine Merchant can be argued as having sent Maggie and Jennifer an offer and not an invitation. The law interprets invitation and offer differently. An invitation, unlike an offer, indicates an individual’s willingness to negotiate a contract. It can be defined as a communication of a pre-offer. In the case Gibson v Manchester City Council [1979] 1

Integrated Severe Accident Codes

Integrated Severe Accident Codes Advanced safety evaluations and design optimizations that were not possible few years ago can now be performed. Nowadays, it becomes possible to switch to new generation of computational tools in order to get better realistic simulations of complex phenomena and transients. The challenge today is to revisit safety features of the existing research reactors in order to verify that the safety requirements still met and when necessary to introduce some amendments, coming from not only the new requirements but also, in order to introduce new equipments from recent advancement of new technologies. The objective of this work is to give an overview of the state of the art in performing safety analysis of research reactors and to emphasize the need and the provision to achieve such goals. An attempt to perform standardized safety analyses for RR was proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency e IAEA. In the framework of core conversion from the use of highly enriched uranium fuel to the use of low enriched uranium fuel. In this regard, a safety related benchmark problem for an idealized generic 10 MW MTR light-water pool-type reactor was specified in order to compare computational methods used in various research centers and institutions. The related benchmark problem covers large steady state kinetic and thermal-hydraulic calculations and wide range of hypothetical dynamic transient conditions. However, almost all of the safety analyses have so far been performed using conservative computational tools. Nowadays, an established international expertise in relation to computational tools, procedures for their application, including best estimate methods supported by uncertainty evaluation, and comprehensive experimental database exists within the safety technology of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). The importance of transferring NPP safety technology tools and methods to RR safety technology has been noted in recent IAEA activities. However, the ranges of parameters of interest to RR are different from those for NPP. This is namely true for fuel composition, system pressure, adopted materials and overall system geometric configuration. The large variety of research reactors prevented so far the achievement of systematic and detailed lists of initiating events based upon qualified PSA (Probabilistic Safety Assessment) studies with results endorsed by the international community. However, bounding and generalized lists of events are available from IAEA documents and can be considered for de eper studies in the area. In the area of acceptance criteria, established standards accepted by the international community are available. Therefore no major effort is needed, but an effort appears worthwhile to check that those standards are adopted and that the related thresholds are fulfilled. The importance of suitable experimental validation is recognized. A large amount of data exists as the kinetic dynamic core behavior form SPERT reactors tests. However, not all data are accessible to all institutions and the relationship between the range of parameters of experiments and the range of parameters relevant to RR technology is not always established. However, code-assessment through relevant set of experimental data is recorded and properly stored. An established technology exists for development, qualification and application of system thermal-hydraulics codes suitable to be adopted for accident analysis in research reactors. This derives from NPP technology. The applicability of system codes like RELAP5, COBRA and MARS to the research reactor needs has been confirmed from recent IAEA activities. Definitely, system codes are mature for application to transient analysis in research reactors. However, code limitations have been found in predicting pressure drops as a function of mass flux at low values of mass flux when nucleate boiling occurs. The importance of the Whittle and Forgan experiments shall be mentioned, as well as the dependence of results from the noding (cell subdivision) adopted by the code users. Several code user choices, including time step may have a significant effect upon prediction, thus confirming the need for detailed code user guidelines. Furthermore, code validation must be demonstrated for the range of parameters of interest to research reactors. The crucial role of uncertainty in research reactor technology has been emphasized, (a) for the design, with main reference to the prediction of the nominal steady state conditions and, (b) for the safety issues, with main reference to the prediction of the time evolution of significant safety parameters. It has been observed that suitable-mature methods exist, but the spread of these methods and procedures within the community of scientists working in research reactor technology is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present report is to provide an overview of the accident analysis technology applied to the research reactor, with emphasis given to the capabilities and limits of the used computational tools. There are many analysis codes for transient and accident analysis and simulating individual phenomena of severe accident. These analysis codes can be categorized into the different groups as shown in Table 1, where various analysis codes are classified into several groups. The integrated severe accident codes are formed by selecting and combining individual analysis tools. They can be used to model the whole sequence of the severe accident which may occur in the plant system or in the experimental facilities.

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2.2. Review related to morphological variables Noutsos, K., Koskolou, M., Barzouka, K., Bergeles, N., & Bayios, I.36 (2008) In a study performed by the researchers with the adolescent team Board Jump and volleyball players, found that the team Board Jump players were basically shorter (166.9[+ or -]4.7 cm) than the regular volleyball players (175.2[+ or -]6.3 cm). However, in the adolescent team Board Jump and volleyball players which had similar body mass and FFM. as compared to the study by, Hoffman, J.37 (2006) reported that the average height for 17-year-old American females was 163-2 cm. Therefore, adolescent team Board Jump players were slightly taller than the average American female. Kmanthropometry profile (weight, stature, sum of six skin folds, muscularity and vertical jump) of Brazilian (BCN Osasco female) volleyball athletes (age : 13 to 22 years) in 3 age groups: A-(13 to 14 yrs old), B-(15 to 17 yrs old), C- (>17 yrs old) with different training experience Gr.l (0 to 2 yrs) Gr.2 (2 to 4 yrs) and Gr.3 (>5 yrs) were studies Silva, L.R.38 (2000) One-way the scholars added the ANOVA and post hoc (Turkey) test for the collection of the statistical analysis. The study showed a significant difference was observed for most of the variables studied among the age groups and between the shorter (Gr.l) and longer (Gr.3) trained groups. Can, F.39 (2004) in the study conducted by Can, he had a purpose to describe certain morphological characteristics of women soccer players and to examine aspects of training and performance. The researchers choose twenty-two anthropometric sites were used in measurements of somatotype 49 and body composition; flexibility, agility, anaerobic power, leg muscle power and dynamic pulmonary functio... ... female hockey players, from 4 universities of Punjab. The age of player's ranged between 18 to 24 years. The stepwise regression was applied to assess the importance of different variables in predicting hockey playing ability. The result of’t’ ratio suggested that endurance run test, standing broad jump, grip strength (LH), vertical jump, wrist flexion, age, height, and weight were significantly important in evaluating the hockey performance. Also, the results failed to find support for speed as an important predictor of hockey playing ability. The result of this analysis again stresses the positive role of physical fitness components in hockey playing ability, the investigator even suggested that if we conduct proper speed training with the athletes of any event it improves their jumping performance , so it is useful for the study of the board jumpers.